Alternative Education Programs in Texas: A Comprehensive Overview
Author: Dr. Maria Hernandez, PhD in Educational Leadership & Policy, Associate Professor of Education, University of Texas at Austin. Dr. Hernandez has over 15 years of experience researching and advocating for alternative education programs in Texas, publishing extensively on the topic and serving on several state advisory boards.
Publisher: Texas Education Agency (TEA) – The official state agency responsible for public education in Texas, providing authoritative information on all aspects of Texas education, including alternative education programs.
Editor: Jane Doe, MA in Educational Journalism, experienced editor specializing in education policy and reform in Texas.
Keywords: alternative education program Texas, Texas alternative education, alternative schools Texas, alternative learning Texas, disciplinary alternative education program Texas, Texas education reform, special education Texas, at-risk students Texas, alternative education programs for students with disabilities Texas, online alternative education Texas.
Introduction:
Texas, like many states, faces the challenge of providing effective education for all students, including those who struggle in traditional school settings. An integral part of the Texas education system is its network of alternative education programs in Texas, designed to meet the diverse needs of students who require a different learning environment. This article will delve into the complexities of alternative education programs in Texas, exploring its various forms, its impact on student outcomes, and the ongoing debate surrounding its efficacy.
Understanding Alternative Education in Texas:
Alternative education program Texas encompasses a range of educational settings and approaches outside the traditional public school model. These programs serve students who may be facing academic struggles, disciplinary issues, or require specialized support not readily available in their assigned campus. Key types of alternative education programs in Texas include:
Alternative Schools: These are standalone schools dedicated to providing a modified curriculum and a different learning environment for students who have been removed from their regular school due to disciplinary reasons. The aim is to provide a structured setting focusing on behavior modification and academic recovery.
Discipline Alternative Education Programs: These programs focus specifically on addressing behavioral issues that have led to suspension or expulsion. The curriculum may integrate restorative justice practices and conflict resolution skills alongside academic instruction. Disciplinary alternative education program Texas models vary across districts, but all aim to support students' return to a regular school setting.
Special Education Alternative Programs: Some students with disabilities may benefit from alternative educational settings better equipped to address their specific needs. These alternative education programs for students with disabilities in Texas often offer individualized learning plans and specialized support services.
Charter Schools: While not strictly "alternative," charter schools operate independently of traditional school districts and often offer unique educational models that might suit students who thrive outside of conventional structures. Some charter schools in Texas specifically cater to students needing more focused attention or a different learning approach.
Online Alternative Education: The rise of technology has created opportunities for online alternative education in Texas, offering flexible learning options for students who may benefit from remote learning due to various circumstances.
Challenges and Criticisms of Alternative Education Programs in Texas:
Despite the positive intentions, alternative education programs in Texas face significant challenges:
Stigmatization: Students attending alternative schools can face social stigma and labeling, potentially hindering their self-esteem and future opportunities.
Resource Disparities: Alternative programs often receive fewer resources than traditional schools, resulting in larger class sizes, fewer specialized teachers, and limited access to extracurricular activities.
Teacher Training: Teachers in alternative education settings may require specialized training to effectively manage student behavior and address the diverse needs of this student population.
Data Collection and Evaluation: The efficacy of alternative education programs in Texas is sometimes difficult to measure due to inconsistent data collection and evaluation across districts. Determining long-term student success following participation in these programs requires better data tracking.
Successes and Positive Impacts of Alternative Education in Texas:
Despite the challenges, many alternative education programs in Texas demonstrate positive outcomes:
Improved Behavior: Well-structured programs show significant success in improving student behavior and reducing disciplinary infractions.
Academic Gains: Some students experience academic growth within the more focused and supportive environment offered by alternative settings.
Personalized Learning: Alternative programs can provide opportunities for personalized learning plans tailored to individual student needs and learning styles.
Second Chances: For students who have struggled in traditional schools, alternative education programs in Texas offer a second chance to succeed and re-engage with education.
The Future of Alternative Education in Texas:
The future of alternative education program Texas necessitates ongoing reform and improvement:
Increased Funding: Adequate funding is crucial to ensure that these programs have the resources to provide quality education and support services.
Data-Driven Improvement: Systematic data collection and analysis will help identify effective practices and areas needing improvement.
Collaboration and Partnerships: Stronger collaboration between schools, families, and community organizations is vital to support students' success.
Early Intervention: Focusing on early intervention and preventative measures can reduce the need for alternative education placements.
Conclusion:
Alternative education programs in Texas represent a critical component of the state's educational landscape. While challenges remain, these programs play a crucial role in supporting students who require specialized educational settings. Through continued investment, data-driven improvements, and collaborative efforts, Texas can strengthen its alternative education programs and ensure that all students have the opportunity to reach their full potential. By recognizing the unique needs of each student and providing tailored support, Texas can create a more equitable and effective education system for all.
FAQs:
- What types of students are placed in alternative education programs in Texas? Students facing disciplinary issues, academic struggles, or those with specialized needs may be placed in these programs.
- Are alternative education programs in Texas effective? Effectiveness varies greatly depending on the program's quality, resources, and student needs. Some programs show significant success, while others struggle.
- How is a student referred to an alternative education program? Referrals typically come from the student's current school, after a process involving school administrators, counselors, and sometimes parents.
- What are the criteria for returning to a traditional school setting from an alternative program? Criteria vary depending on the program and student’s progress, often involving demonstrated behavioral improvement and academic progress.
- Are there alternative education programs specifically for students with disabilities in Texas? Yes, some alternative programs cater specifically to the needs of students with disabilities.
- What kind of support services are available in alternative education programs? Services may include counseling, tutoring, specialized instruction, and social-emotional learning support.
- How can parents become involved in their child's alternative education program? Parents should actively communicate with the school staff, attend parent-teacher conferences, and stay involved in their child's educational planning.
- What are the long-term effects of attending an alternative education program? Long-term effects depend on various factors, including the quality of the program and the student's individual circumstances. Some students successfully return to traditional schools and graduate, while others may face ongoing challenges.
- Is there a statewide standard for alternative education programs in Texas? While there are state guidelines and regulations, the implementation of alternative education programs in Texas varies significantly among school districts.
Related Articles:
- The Impact of Disciplinary Actions on Student Outcomes in Texas Alternative Education: Examines the correlation between disciplinary actions and academic performance in Texas alternative settings.
- Funding Disparities in Texas Alternative Education Programs: Analyzes the funding levels of alternative education programs compared to traditional schools and its effect on resources.
- Teacher Retention and Training in Texas Alternative Education Schools: Explores challenges and solutions related to teacher recruitment and training in alternative settings.
- Restorative Justice Practices in Texas Alternative Schools: Explores the implementation and effectiveness of restorative justice approaches in alternative school settings.
- The Role of Parental Involvement in Texas Alternative Education Programs: Discusses strategies to promote parental engagement and its impact on student success.
- Comparing the Effectiveness of Different Models of Texas Alternative Education Programs: Compares various models of alternative education programs and evaluates their respective outcomes.
- Online Learning in Texas Alternative Education: Opportunities and Challenges: Examines the growing trend of online learning within the Texas alternative education system.
- Transitioning Students from Alternative Education Back to Traditional Schools in Texas: Focuses on the challenges and strategies involved in successfully reintegrating students from alternative settings.
- The Long-Term Outcomes of Students Who Attend Texas Alternative Education Programs: A longitudinal study evaluating the long-term academic and social-emotional outcomes of students attending Texas alternative education programs.
| alternative education program texas: Restorative Discipline Practices Gaye Lang, Danita Bailey, Kevin Curtis, Robert Rico, Sherwynn Patton, Jennifer Karydas, Danie Martinez, Eloise Sepeda, 2016-12-15 This book on Restorative Discipline Practices (RDP) will provide anecdotes and process stories by authors from diverse backgrounds including: classroom teachers, school administrators, campus coordinators, juvenile justice officials, community leaders and university professors.It will be an inspiration and reference for educators as they begin or continue to implement RDP in the schools. |
| alternative education program texas: Adolescents at Risk Joy G. Dryfoos, 1991-08-29 Seven million youngsters--one in four adolescents--have only limited potential for becoming productive adults because they are at high risk for encountering serious problems at home, in school, or in their communities. This is one of the disturbing findings in this unique overview of what is known about young people aged 10 to 17 growing up in the United States today. The book explores four problem areas that are the subject of a great deal of public interest and social concern: delinquency, substance abuse, teen pregnancy, and school failure. In examining these problem areas, Dryfoos has three objectives: to present a more cogent picture of adolescents who are at risk of problem behaviors and where they fit in society; to synthesize the experience of programs that have been successful in changing various aspects of these behaviors; and to propose strategies for using this knowledge base to implement more effective approaches to helping youngsters succeed. Among the key concepts emerging from this study are the importance of intense individual attention, social skills training, exposure to the world of work, and packaging components in broad, community-wide interventions. Schools are recognized as the focal institution in prevention, not only in regard to helping children achieve academically, but in giving young people access to social support and health programs. The author also proposes comprehensive youth development initiatives at the local, state and national level, based on programs shown to be effective in real practice. This landmark, state-of-the-art study represents an indispensable resource for anyone interested in the welfare and current problems of youth, including psychologists, sociologists, school administrators, state and federal officials, policymakers, and concerned parents. |
| alternative education program texas: Lost Educational Opportunities in Alternative Settings United States. Congress. House. Committee on Education and Labor. Subcommittee on Healthy Families and Communities, 2009 |
| alternative education program texas: Supporting Early Career Teachers With Research-Based Practices Wellner, Laurie, Pierce-Friedman, Kathleen, 2021-05-21 Teachers in their first few years of their teaching career require high quality, structured support to begin the journey towards becoming experts. Establishing research-based best practices and working habits set up early career teachers for a fulfilling and successful career. The requirements of teachers are constantly changing, and teachers need to continually adapt their knowledge and practices to fit schools’ changing demographics. Having a toolbox of research-based best practices to draw upon can support early career teachers as they move from theory to practical application when the learning curve is the steepest. Strengthening the system of support includes increasing teachers’ influence over their day-to-day work and developing positive and supportive cultures of learning. Supporting Early Career Teachers With Research-Based Practices presents both theoretical and practical research to support the conceptual understanding of educational praxis for common areas with which early career educators may require additional expertise or support. This book is intended to be a valuable contribution to the body of literature in the field of education by supplying research-based teaching practices for modern education. Primary topics covered include professional learning, classroom management, student-teacher relationships, teaching diverse students and inclusive educational practices, and teacher self-care strategies. This book is a valuable reference tool for early career teachers of all subject areas and grade levels, school administrators, teacher mentors and guides, education faculty in higher education, educational researchers, curriculum developers, instructional facilitators, practicing teachers, pre-service teachers, professional development coordinators, teacher educators, researchers, academicians, and students interested in teaching practices and support for the early career teacher. |
| alternative education program texas: Education Code Texas, 1972 |
| alternative education program texas: Iola Leroy, or, Shadows Uplifted Frances E. W. Harper, 2012-08-30 This 1892 work was among the first novels published by an African-American woman. Its striking portrait of life during the Civil War and Reconstruction recounts a mixed-race woman's devotion to uplifting the black community. |
| alternative education program texas: Courage to Connect María Robledo Montecel, Christie L. Goodman, 2010-07-13 |
| alternative education program texas: The Texas Model for Comprehensive School Counseling Programs , 2018-02-15 The Texas Model for Comprehensive School Counseling Programs is a resource to develop effective and high quality comprehensive school counseling programs that align with Texas statutes and rules governing the work of school counselors. It outlines a process for tailoring school counseling programs to meet the varying needs of students across an array of school districts through implementation of the four components of school counseling programs, Guidance Curriculum, Responsive Services, Individual Planning, and System Support. With this resource, a school counselor will learn to use campus-specific data to identify the unique needs of a campus and design a comprehensive school counseling program to meet those needs. Recognizing the important roles of the entire educational community, the Texas Model for Comprehensive School Counseling Programs provides examples of how parents, teachers, administrators, principals and school counselors can best contribute to implementation of each of the four components of comprehensive school counseling programs. It provides a developmental framework for a school counseling program curriculum that includes activities at each grade level to enhance students¿ educational, career, personal and social development. |
| alternative education program texas: Discipline summary reports Stanley C Freden, Enrico P Mercanti, Margaret A Becker, 1973 |
| alternative education program texas: Alternative Education Models , 1980 |
| alternative education program texas: The School-to-Prison Pipeline Catherine Y. Kim, Daniel J. Losen, Damon T. Hewitt, 2012-04-01 Examines the relationship between the law and the school-to-prison pipeline, argues that law can be an effective weapon in the struggle to reduce the number of children caught, and discusses the consequences on families and communities. |
| alternative education program texas: 21st Century Education: A Reference Handbook Thomas L Good, 2008-10-01 21st Century Education: A Reference Handbook offers 100 chapters written by leading experts in the field that highlight the most important topics, issues, questions, and debates facing educators today. This comprehensive and authoritative two-volume work provides undergraduate education majors with insight into the rich array of issues inherent in education—issues informing debates that involve all Americans. Key Features: · Provides undergraduate majors with an authoritative reference source ideal for their classroom research needs, preparation for GREs, and research into directions to take in pursuing a graduate degree or career · Offers more detailed information than encyclopedia entries, but not as much jargon, detail, or density as journal articles or research handbook chapters · Explores educational policy and reform, teacher education and certification, educational administration, curriculum, and instruction · Offers a reader-friendly common format: Theory, Methods, Applications, Comparison, Future Directions, Summary, References and Further Readings 21st Century Education: A Reference Handbook is designed to prepare teachers, professors, and administrators for their future careers, informing the debates and preparing them to address the questions and meet the challenges of education today. |
| alternative education program texas: Resources in Education , 1998 |
| alternative education program texas: The Alternative Certification of Teachers ERIC Clearinghouse on Teacher Education, Washington, DC., 1992 Criticisms of teacher education, the low economic and political costs of trying to reform schools by reforming teacher education, along with the difficulty of filling some teaching positions with persons certified in traditional ways, have fueled a movement to create alternative routes to teacher certification in the vast majority of states. This monograph seeks to inform the ongoing policy debate over when and for what purposes alternative certification of teachers should be employed and to develop lessons that might lead to increasing the effectiveness of both alternative certification and traditional programs of teacher preparation. Following an introduction, the publication consists of six articles: (1) The Theory and Practice of Alternative Certification: Implications for the Improvement of Teaching (Willis D. Hawley); (2) Alternative Certification in Connecticut: Reshaping the Profession (Traci Bliss); (3) Alternative Certification: State Policies in the SREB (Southern Regional Education Board) States (Lynn M. Cornett); (4) Los Angeles Unified School District Intern Program: Recruiting and Preparing Teachers for an Urban Context (Trish Stoddart); (5) Teaching and Knowledge: Policy Issues Posed by Alternate Certification for Teachers (Linda Darling-Hammond); and (6) The Place of Alternative Certification in the Education of Teachers (Gary D. Fenstermacher). Selected references for each chapter are included. (LL) |
| alternative education program texas: Serving Gifted Learners Beyond the Traditional Classroom Joyce VanTassel-Baska, 2007 Serving Gifted Learners Beyond the Traditional Classroom: A Guide to Alternative Programs and Services provides a concise and thorough introduction to the various types of out-of-school programming recommended and appropriate for gifted and advanced learners. Including overviews of mentoring programs, residential schools, summer opportunities, and distance learning, top scholars in the field of gifted education combine research and experience in this guide toalternative services for teachers, parents, and gifted education program directors. Other programs and services covered include service learning, university-based programs, and competitions. In addition, a much-needed review of the issues concerning programming for diverse youth, options for students from low-income backgrounds, and counseling gifted students to make good out-of-school choices, along with an insightful, insider's look at the culture and lives of gifted students at residential schools, make this handy guide to alternative programs and services a necessity for anyone serving and working with gifted students. |
| alternative education program texas: The School Services Sourcebook, Second Edition Cynthia Franklin, Mary Beth Harris, Paula Allen-Meares, 2013-01-31 A guide for school-based professionals--cover. |
| alternative education program texas: Solution Focused Brief Therapy in Alternative Schools Cynthia Franklin, Calvin L. Streeter, Linda Webb, Samantha Guz, 2018-04-27 Solution Focused Brief Therapy in Alternative Schools (SFBT) provides a step-by-step guide for how school social workers and counselors can work with other school professionals to create an effective solution focused dropout prevention program. Along with illustrative cases and detailed explanations, the authors detail the curriculum and day-to-day operations of a solution focused dropout prevention program by drawing on the experiences of a school that uses this approach. |
| alternative education program texas: The Effectiveness of an Alternative Education Program Targeting Youth who are "at Risk" of Becoming Seriously Delinquent Stephen Matthew Cox, 1995 |
| alternative education program texas: Educational Programs that Work Far West Laboratory for Educational Research and Development, 1979 |
| alternative education program texas: Drawdown Paul Hawken, 2017-04-18 • New York Times bestseller • The 100 most substantive solutions to reverse global warming, based on meticulous research by leading scientists and policymakers around the world “At this point in time, the Drawdown book is exactly what is needed; a credible, conservative solution-by-solution narrative that we can do it. Reading it is an effective inoculation against the widespread perception of doom that humanity cannot and will not solve the climate crisis. Reported by-effects include increased determination and a sense of grounded hope.” —Per Espen Stoknes, Author, What We Think About When We Try Not To Think About Global Warming “There’s been no real way for ordinary people to get an understanding of what they can do and what impact it can have. There remains no single, comprehensive, reliable compendium of carbon-reduction solutions across sectors. At least until now. . . . The public is hungry for this kind of practical wisdom.” —David Roberts, Vox “This is the ideal environmental sciences textbook—only it is too interesting and inspiring to be called a textbook.” —Peter Kareiva, Director of the Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, UCLA In the face of widespread fear and apathy, an international coalition of researchers, professionals, and scientists have come together to offer a set of realistic and bold solutions to climate change. One hundred techniques and practices are described here—some are well known; some you may have never heard of. They range from clean energy to educating girls in lower-income countries to land use practices that pull carbon out of the air. The solutions exist, are economically viable, and communities throughout the world are currently enacting them with skill and determination. If deployed collectively on a global scale over the next thirty years, they represent a credible path forward, not just to slow the earth’s warming but to reach drawdown, that point in time when greenhouse gases in the atmosphere peak and begin to decline. These measures promise cascading benefits to human health, security, prosperity, and well-being—giving us every reason to see this planetary crisis as an opportunity to create a just and livable world. |
| alternative education program texas: Guaranteed Student Loans United States. General Accounting Office, 1992 |
| alternative education program texas: Handbook of Research in the Social Foundations of Education Steven Tozer, Bernardo P. Gallegos, Annette Henry, Mary Bushnell Greiner, Paula Groves Price, 2011-07-05 This groundbreaking volume helps readers understand the history, evolution, and significance of this wide-ranging, often misunderstood, and increasingly important field of study. |
| alternative education program texas: A Guide to Sources of Texas Criminal Justice Statistics R. Scott Harnsberger, 2011 This reference work was compiled as a resource for those needing assistance in locating Texas criminal justice statistics. R. Scott Harnsberger has compiled more than 600 entries describing statistical sources for Texas crime; criminals; law enforcement; courts and sentencing; adult and juvenile corrections; capital punishment and death row; victims of crime; driving/boating under the influence; traffic fatalities; substance abuse and treatment; polls and rankings; and fiscal topics such as appropriations, revenues, expenditures, and federal aid. The sources for these statistics originate primarily, but not exclusively, from federal and State of Texas agencies, boards, bureaus, commissions, and departments. The following types of publications are included: annual, biennial, and biannual reports; reports issued in series; analytic and research reports; statistical compilations; budgets and other fiscal documents; audits, inspections, and investigations; census publications; polls; projections; rankings; surveys; continuously updated online resources; and datasets. Harnsberger has annotated the entries to provide sufficient detail to enable users to decide whether the listed resources merit further investigation. Additional notes contain URLs and information regarding the scope of the published data; title changes; related publications; and the availability of earlier data, previous editions, online tables, and datasets. This book will prove to be a valuable resource for students, faculty, researchers, government officials, and individuals in the law enforcement, correctional, and judicial professions. |
| alternative education program texas: Cumulative List of Organizations Described in Section 170 (c) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954 , 2003 |
| alternative education program texas: Cumulative List of Organizations Described in Section 170 (c) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 , 1997 |
| alternative education program texas: Alternative Education Programs--do They Really Work? Peter Worthington, 2008 |
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| alternative education program texas: Energy Education Resources Paula Altman, 1999-09 Provides students, educators, & other information users with a list of generally available free or low-cost energy-related educational materials. Each entry includes the address, telephone number, & description of the organization & the energy-related materials available. Most of the entries also include Internet (Web) & electronic mail (E-Mail) addresses. Some of the organizations represented in this list take policy positions on certain energy issues & express them even in educational materials. |
| alternative education program texas: Investigating University-School Partnerships Janice L. Nath, Irma N. Guadarrama, John Ramsey, 2011-04-01 Investigating University-School Partnerships: A Volume in Professional Development School Research, the fourth book in the PDS Research Series developed by the same editors, includes a collection of organized papers that represent the best and latest examples of practitioner thinking, research, and program design and evaluation in the field at the national level. A wide variety of authors from the professional community of PDS researchers, practitioners, and other stakeholders engage the reader in research or case studies that foreground real-life, authentic contexts, which, in turn, are designed to generate and fashion more questions and ideas. The volume’s contents of 26 chapters is divided into five areas: (1) PDS Evaluation (2) Teacher Research and Inquiry, (3) PDS Stakeholders’ Studies, (4) Studies for Thought – Ideas for Development, and (5) Teaching Content Areas in PDSs. As a whole, the volume of papers maintains a consistency within a cohesive undercurrent that illustrates the spirited and visionary purpose of professional development schools to advance educational reform that leads to substantive change. |
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| alternative education program texas: Alternate Routes to Teaching C. Emily Feistritzer, Charlene K. Haar, 2008 Describes alternative routes to teaching, covering how they were developed, national programs, and state certification requirements. |
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| alternative education program texas: Smart Parents Bonnie Lathram, Carri Schneider, Tom Vander Ark, 2016-01-15 By parents, for parents. That is what makes Smart Parents: Parenting for Powerful Learning different from most parenting books. Drawing on personal parenting stories and expert advice from more than 60 contributors, this guide will leave you with ideas you can put into action immediately.--from back cover. |
| alternative education program texas: Chicano School Failure and Success Richard R. Valencia, 2004-08-02 Examines, from various perspectives, the school failure and success of Chicano students. The contributors include specialists in cultural and educational anthropology, bilingual and special education, educational history, developmental psychology. |
| alternative education program texas: An Answer to Disenfranchised Students Sharon D. Jones Deloach, 2016-09-01 Many school districts across this great nation are facing serious patterns of underachievement of students who do not fit well in a mainstream educational environment. The purpose of this qualitative phenomenological research study was to explore the perceptions and experiences of graduates from a credit-recovery nontraditional alternative high school that influenced his or her graduation. Nationally, many high school students are not earning sufficient credits to remain on grade level with their freshman level cohort. These at-risk students need options with stronger incentives to obtain high school credits and meet graduation requirements. Credit-recovery nontraditional alternative high schools involve an at-risk student population who are at a greater risk of academic, social, and emotional struggles. These students benefit from additional support that a nontraditional setting offers. This study involved interviewing 12 high school graduates who attended and graduated from a credit-recovery nontraditional alternative high school. There was a diversified group by age and other demographics representing five graduating classes. With this research study, the investigator determined graduates’ perceptions of credit recovery in their nontraditional alternative high school were overwhelmingly positive. The lived experiences explored in this study may help school leaders, policy makers, teachers, staff, parents, and community partners understand the unique needs of this population. |
| alternative education program texas: Handbook of Research on Teaching Literacy Through the Communicative and Visual Arts James Flood, Shirley Brice Heath, Diane Lapp, 2011 The Handbook of Research on Teaching Literacy Through the Communicative and Visual Arts, a comprehensive overview of research on this topic, extends conceptualizations of literacy to include all of the communicative arts (reading, writing, speaking, listening, viewing) and the visual arts of drama, dance, film, art, video, and computer technology. |
| alternative education program texas: Texas Juvenile Law Robert O. Dawson, 2000 |
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| alternative education program texas: The Pig Book Citizens Against Government Waste, 2013-09-17 The federal government wastes your tax dollars worse than a drunken sailor on shore leave. The 1984 Grace Commission uncovered that the Department of Defense spent $640 for a toilet seat and $436 for a hammer. Twenty years later things weren't much better. In 2004, Congress spent a record-breaking $22.9 billion dollars of your money on 10,656 of their pork-barrel projects. The war on terror has a lot to do with the record $413 billion in deficit spending, but it's also the result of pork over the last 18 years the likes of: - $50 million for an indoor rain forest in Iowa - $102 million to study screwworms which were long ago eradicated from American soil - $273,000 to combat goth culture in Missouri - $2.2 million to renovate the North Pole (Lucky for Santa!) - $50,000 for a tattoo removal program in California - $1 million for ornamental fish research Funny in some instances and jaw-droppingly stupid and wasteful in others, The Pig Book proves one thing about Capitol Hill: pork is king! |
